Object-Oriented Concepts
All of the ideas of object-oriented programming, including classes, objects, inheritance, mixins, and abstract classes, are supported by the object-oriented programming language Dart. It concentrates on the object, as the name implies, and objects are actual beings. Concepts like data-hiding and polymorphism are implemented using object-oriented programming. Reducing programming complexity and performing several operations at once are the primary objectives of oops. The following lists the oops concepts.
- Class
- Object
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism
- Interfaces
- Abstract class
This is a quick overview of these oops principles.
Class
Dart classes are described as the related objects’ blueprints. A user-defined data type that explains its properties and behavior is called a class. We must build an object of that class in order to obtain all of its characteristics. The class’s syntax is listed below.
Syntax
class ClassName {
<fields>
<getter/setter>
<constructor>
<functions>
}
Object
An object is a physical thing, such a table, a person, a car, etc. The state and behavior of the thing are its two properties. Consider an automobile as an example, which has a name, a model name, a price, and movement, stopping, etc. Object-oriented programming makes it possible to determine an object’s behavior and state.
Making an object of the class will allow us to access its properties. In Dart, a new keyword and the class name are used to create an object. Below is the syntax.
Syntax
var objectName = new ClassName(<constructor_arguments>)
Inheritance
Inheritance is a feature of Dart that allows you to construct new classes from preexisting ones. The newly constructed class is referred to as child/subclass, while the class that has to be extended is called parent/superclass. The extends keyword in Dart allows a child class to inherit its parent class’s properties. Below is the syntax.
Syntax
class child_class_name extends parent_class_name
Polymorphism
One thing can have multiple forms according to the object-oriented programming idea of polymorphism. There are two varieties of polymorphism: compile-time and run-time. As an illustration, consider a function with the same name but a distinct class or behavior. An further instance is the shape() class, which is derived from the Rectangle, Triangle, and Circle classes.
Interfaces
The interface is described as the class’s blueprint. Just like in a class, we can declare variables and methods inside an interface; however, an interface only allows for the abstract declaration of methods. The body of the function is not defined; only its signature is. Another class can implement the interface. Basically, data-hiding is its use.
Abstract Class
An abstract class is one that has one or more abstract methods in it. The abstract keyword and class declaration can be used to declare an abstract class. Below is the syntax.
Syntax
abstract class ClassName {
//Body of abstract class
}
